Autism and sensory processing disorder: how are they related?

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Sensory Processing Disorder (SPD) are distinct conditions, but they frequently co-occur. While SPD involves atypical responses to sensory stimuli (e.g., hypersensitivity to sounds or textures), ASD encompasses broader social-communication deficits. However, 75-90% of autistic individuals experience sensory processing differences, making it a common but not universal feature of autism (Nature, 2025). SPD can exist independently of autism, but its prevalence is higher in autistic populations (Psychology Today, 2024).

Sensory processing differences in autism can include hypersensitivity (over-responsiveness) or hyposensitivity (under-responsiveness) to stimuli like light, sound, touch, or taste. For example, some autistic individuals may find certain textures unbearable, while others may seek intense sensory input. These differences are linked to challenges in behavior, sleep, and communication (UC Davis Health, 2025). Aesthetic preferences, such as color and texture choices, are also influenced by atypical sensory processing (Nature, 2025).

Sensory-based interventions, such as sensory integration therapy, have shown promise in helping autistic individuals modulate sensory reactivity. These therapies often involve specialized gyms or activities designed to address sensory challenges (Frontiers, 2025). While not a cure, such interventions can improve functional outcomes, such as reducing sensory-related distress and improving daily living skills (Child Mind Institute, 2024).